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for a crown

  • 1 corōnārius

        corōnārius adj.    [corona], for a crown: aurum, crown money (levied for a victorious general).
    * * *
    I
    coronaria, coronarium ADJ
    connected with/used for crowns/garlands/wreaths or the manufacture; of cornice
    II
    maker/seller of garlands/wreaths/crowns

    Latin-English dictionary > corōnārius

  • 2 corona

    cŏrō̆na (in the ante-Aug. per. sometimes written chorona, acc. to Quint. 1, 5, 20; cf. the letter C), ae, f., = korônê, a garland, chaplet, wreath.
    I.
    Lit., of natural or artificial flowers, etc. (very freq. used for personal adornment at festivals, when sacrificing, or as a gift for friends, etc., for ornamenting the images of the gods, edifices, victims, the dead, etc.), Lucr. 5, 1399; Lex XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 21, 3, 5, § 7; Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 16; Cic. Fl. 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 24, 60; Liv. 23, 11, 5; 38, 14, 5; Curt. 4, 2, 2; 4, 4, 5; Hor. C. 1, 26, 8; id. Ep. 2, 2, 96; Tac. A. 2, 57; 15, 12; 16, 4; id. H. 2, 55 et saep.:

    coronas bibere,

    i. e. to throw into the cup leaves plucked from the garlands, Plin. 21, 3, 9, § 12. Vid. the artt. sacerdotalis, funebris, sepulchralis, convivialis, nuptialis, natalitia, Etrusca, pactilis, plectilis, sutilis, tonsa or tonsilis, radiata, and pampinea.— Poet.:

    perenni fronde corona,

    i. e. immortal, poetic renown, Lucr. 1, 119.—As emblem of royalty, a crown:

    regni corona = diadema,

    Verg. A. 8, 505. —Concerning the different kinds of garlands or crowns given to soldiers as a prize of bravery (castrensis or vallaris, civica, muralis, navalis or rostrata, obsidionalis, triumphalis, oleagina, etc.), v. Gell. 5, 6; Dict. of Antiq.; and the artt. castrensis, civicus, muralis, etc.—
    2.
    Esp.: corona fidei, the crown of martyrdom (eccl. Lat.), Cypr. Ep. 58; 60; Lact. Epit. 72, 23;

    and corona alone,

    Lact. 4, 25, 10; id. Mort. Pers. 16, 11.—
    B.
    Sub coronā vendere, t. t. of the lang. of business, to sell captives as slaves (since they were crowned with chaplets; cf. Caelius Sabinus ap. Gell. 7, 4, 3;

    and corono, I.),

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16; Liv. 42, 63, 12; so,

    sub coronā venire,

    id. 9, 42, 8; 38, 29, 11; 41, 11, 8:

    sub coronā venundari,

    Tac. A. 13, 39; id. H. 1, 68:

    sub coronā emere,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 4.—
    C.
    As a constellation.
    1.
    The northern crown (according to the fable, the crown of Ariadne transferred to heaven;

    v. Ariadna),

    Cic. Arat. 351 sq.; Caes. German. Arat. 71;

    called Gnosia stella Coronae,

    Verg. G. 1, 222:

    Cressa Corona,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 558:

    Ariadnea Corona,

    Manil. 5, 21; cf. also Ov. M. 8, 181; Plin. 18, 26, 60, § 224 al.—
    * 2.
    The southern crown, Caes. German. Arat. 391.—
    II.
    Meton., of objects in the form of a crown.
    A.
    Most freq., a circle of men, an assembly, crowd, multitude (esp. of judicial assemblies), Cic. Fl. 28, 69; id. Phil. 2, 44, 112; id. Mil. 1, 1; id. Fin. 2, 22, 74; Quint. 12, 10, 74; Suet. Aug. 93 al.; Cat. 53, 1; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 53; Ov. M. 13, 1 al.—Hence,
    2.
    Milit. t. t., the besiegers round a hostile place, the line of siege or circumvallation, Caes. B. G. 7, 72; Liv. 10, 43, 1; 23, 44, 3; Curt. 4, 6, 10 al.—Also, a circle of men for the defence of a place, Liv. 4, 19, 8.—
    B.
    In arch., the cornice, Vitr. 5, 2; Plin. 36, 24, 59, § 183.—
    C.
    In the agrimensores, an elevated ridge of land as a boundary line, Cato, R. R. 6, 3; Front. Col. 114 and 131 Goes.—
    D.
    The hairy crown over the horse's hoof, Col. 6, 29, 3; Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 13, 1.—
    E.
    Montium, a circular ridge of mountains, Plin. 6, 20, 23, [p. 472] § 73.—
    F.
    The halo round the sun (for the Gr. halôs), Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > corona

  • 3 cingo

    cingo, xi, nctum, 3, v. a. [cf. Gr kullos, kurtos;

    Lat. curvus, and clingo,

    Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 545 sq. ], to go round in a circle, to surround, encompass, environ, gird, wreathe, crown, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Prop
    A.
    In gen.:

    quid autem interius mente? Cingatur igitur corpore externo,

    i. e. it must be enclosed in a body, Cic. N. D 1, 11, 27:

    non enim coronà consessus vester cinctus est, ut solebat,

    id. Mil. 1, 1; cf.:

    judicium insolitā trepidum cinxere coronă,

    Luc. 1, 321;

    tris (navīs) Eurus... Inhdit vadis atque aggere cingit harenae,

    Verg. A 1, 112: cincta serpentibus Hydra, id. ib 7, 658: pennae ritu coepere volucrum Cingere utrumque latus, to cover, Ov M. 6, 718, apio fasces et secto cingere porro, Col. 10, 371.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    To surround the body with a girdle, to gird on (the sword), to gird; esp. freq in pass. with abl., to be girded, encircled with something. iam quasi zonā, liene cinctus ambulo, Plaut Curc. 2, 1, 5; Curt. 3, 3, 19; cf.:

    cui lati clavi jus erit, ita cingatur, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 3, 138:

    ut cingeretur fluxiore cincturā,

    Suet. Caes. 45:

    Hispano cingitur gladio,

    Liv. 7, 10, 5; 38, 21, 13; Suet. Calig 49:

    ferro,

    id. Aug. 35: ense, Ov F. 2, 13: cingor fulgentibus armis, Verg A. 2, 749; 11, 188, 11, 536; his cingi telis, id ib. 2, 520: ense latus cingit, Ov F. 2, 784; cf. Stat. Th. 4, 41:

    cinctas resolvite vestes, Ov M. 1, 382. filios balteis,

    Vulg. Lev 8, 13.— Poet., in pass with acc. (cf. accingor, II., and Zumpt, Gr §

    458): inutile ferrum Cingitur,

    Verg. A. 2, 511: cinctaeque ad pectora vestes Bracchia docta movent, Ov M. 6, 59.—Without case: Syrinx, Ov M. 1, 695;

    puer alte cinctus,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 10.—Hence, in late Lat. cinctus = armis instructus, armatus, armed, equipped, enrolled:

    cinctus in aliā militiā,

    Dig. 39, 1, 38; cf. ib. 39, 1, 25.—As a girding up of the Roman dress was necessary in pursuits requiring physical action, hence, cingor (cf accingor), to make one ' s self ready for any thing, to prepare:

    cingitur, certe expedit se,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152;

    cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus,

    Verg. A. 11, 486; cf.

    supra,

    Quint. 11, 3, 138; Hor S. 2, 8, 10; Ov. M. 6, 59.—
    2.
    To encircle with a garland or crown, to crown (freq., esp in the poets).
    a.
    Of the head:

    muralique caput summum cinxere coronā,

    Lucr. 2, 607; cf.

    Ov A. A. 3, 392 tempora floribus,

    Hor. C. 3, 25, 20;

    Verg A. 5, 71: spicis,

    Tib. 2, 1, 4 et saep.:

    comam lauro,

    Hor. C. 3, 30, 16; cf.:

    Graias barbara vitta comas,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 78; Verg. A. 12, 163: de tenero cingite flore caput, Ov F 3, 254.— Poet.:

    Atlantis, cinctum assidue cui nubibus atris Piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri,

    Verg. A. 4, 248; 7, 658; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 61.—
    b.
    To encircle other parts of the body:

    cujus lacertos anuli mei cingant,

    Mart. 11, 100, 2.—
    3.
    Of places, to surround, encircle, invest, enclose (the prevailing signif. in prose, esp. in the histt.; syn.: circumdo, claudo): (Tellus) oras maris undique cingens, Lucr. 6, 633; Cat. 64, 185; 64, 286:

    flumen Dubis paene totum oppidum cingit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 38 provincia mari cincta, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    urbe portus ipse cingitur et continetur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 96 Zumpt:

    quod moenibus cingebatur,

    Tac. A. 13, 41:

    quae (terra) magnā ex parte cingitur fluctibus, speciem insulae praebet, etc.,

    Curt. 3, 1, 13; 8, 10, 23; Ov A. A. 2, 469: cingitur insula tribus millibus passuum, i.e. has a circuit of, etc., Plin. 6, 12, 13, § 32.— Poet.:

    cinxerunt aethera nimbi,

    covered, Verg. A. 5, 13:

    medium diem cinxere tenebrae,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 939.— Trop.;

    diligentius urbem religione quam ipsis moenibus cingitis,

    fortify, Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94.—
    4.
    In milit. lang., to surround a place or army for defence or in a hostile manner, to fortify, to invest, be set, besiege:

    coronā militum cincta urbs,

    Liv. 7, 27, 7: castra vallo, id 7, 39, 8 equites cornua cinxere. covered, id. 23, 29, 3:

    ultimum agmen validā manu,

    to cover, Curt. 4, 13, 30:

    urbem obsidione,

    to besieye, Verg. A. 3, 52;

    dextera cingitur amni,

    id. ib. 9, 469:

    (hostem) stationibus in modum obsidii,

    Tac. A. 6, 34:

    cingi ab armis hostium,

    Ov. P. 2, 8, 69; Tib. 2, 3, 37, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 42.—Trop Sicilia multis undique cincta persons. Cio. Imp. Pomp 11, 30.—
    5.
    To escort, to accompany inermi item regi praetor Achaeorum et unus ex purpuratis latus cingebant, Liv 32, 39, 8:

    dum latus sancti cingit tibi turba senatus, Ov P. 4, 9, 17: nec noscitur ulli, Agminibus comitum qui mode cinctus erat,

    id. Tr. 1, 5, 30:

    cincta virgo matrum catervā, id M. 12, 216, Vell 2, 14, 1,

    Tac. A. 1, 77;

    Sil 4, 448,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 322 —
    C.
    To peel off the bark around:

    cingere est deglabrare,

    Dig. 47, 7, 6 Pr, cf. Plin 17, 24, 37, § 234 sqq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cingo

  • 4 coronaria

    cŏrōnārĭus, a, um, adj. [corona], of or belonging to a wreath:

    anemonae,

    suitable for garlands, Plin. 21, 23, 94, § 164:

    aes,

    id. 33, 9, 46, § 131:

    lusus naturae,

    i. e. presenting a garland-like growth, id. 14, 3, 4, § 42:

    opus,

    stucco-work, Vitr. 7, 4 and 6;

    but also,

    the making of a golden crown, id. 9, praef. 10.—Esp. freq.: coronarium aurum, a present of gold collected in the provinces for a victorious general (orig. expended for a golden crown; cf. Liv. 38, 37, 4, and 39, 7, 1;

    but, afterwards, in gen. for any purpose),

    Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 12; 2, 22, 59; id. Pis. 37, 90; Inscr. Grut. 230;

    and under the emperors,

    a tribute paid on the accession of an emperor, Spart. Had. 6, 5.—
    II.
    Subst.
    A.
    cŏrōnārĭus, ii, m., a maker of or dealer in crowns or garlands, Plin. 21, 9, 30, § 54; 21, 31, 105, § 177; 34, 11, 26, § 111; Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 1, 6 (2, 1).—
    B.
    cŏrōnārĭa, ae, f., she who makes or vends crowns or garlands, Plin. 21, 2, 3, § 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coronaria

  • 5 coronarius

    cŏrōnārĭus, a, um, adj. [corona], of or belonging to a wreath:

    anemonae,

    suitable for garlands, Plin. 21, 23, 94, § 164:

    aes,

    id. 33, 9, 46, § 131:

    lusus naturae,

    i. e. presenting a garland-like growth, id. 14, 3, 4, § 42:

    opus,

    stucco-work, Vitr. 7, 4 and 6;

    but also,

    the making of a golden crown, id. 9, praef. 10.—Esp. freq.: coronarium aurum, a present of gold collected in the provinces for a victorious general (orig. expended for a golden crown; cf. Liv. 38, 37, 4, and 39, 7, 1;

    but, afterwards, in gen. for any purpose),

    Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 12; 2, 22, 59; id. Pis. 37, 90; Inscr. Grut. 230;

    and under the emperors,

    a tribute paid on the accession of an emperor, Spart. Had. 6, 5.—
    II.
    Subst.
    A.
    cŏrōnārĭus, ii, m., a maker of or dealer in crowns or garlands, Plin. 21, 9, 30, § 54; 21, 31, 105, § 177; 34, 11, 26, § 111; Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 1, 6 (2, 1).—
    B.
    cŏrōnārĭa, ae, f., she who makes or vends crowns or garlands, Plin. 21, 2, 3, § 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coronarius

  • 6 muralis

    mūrālis, e, adj. [murus], of or belonging to a wall, wall-, mural (class.):

    muralis herba,

    the pellitory of the wall, parietary, Plin. 21, 30, 104, § 176:

    pila,

    used in fighting from walls, Caes. B. G. 5, 39:

    tormentum,

    for battering walls, Verg. A. 12, 921:

    fossa,

    under the walls, Sil. 8, 555:

    falces,

    hooks for pulling down walls, Caes. B. G. 3, 14: corona, a mural crown, given as a reward to him who first scaled the enemy's walls, Liv. 23, 18; also,

    corona,

    the crown on the head of Cybele, adorned with walls and towers, Lucr. 2, 606.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > muralis

  • 7 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 8 ad

       ad praep. with acc.    [cf. Eng. at].—Of approach (opp. to ab, as in to ex).    I. In space, to, toward: retorquet oculos ad urbem: una pars vergit ad septentriones, Cs.: tendens ad sidera palmas, V. —Fig.: ad alia vitia propensior, more inclined to. —Esp., ad dextram, sinistram, or laevam, to or on the right or left: ito ad dextram, T.: alqd ad dextram conspicere, Cs.: non rectā regione... sed ad laevam, L.—Designating the goal, to, toward: ad ripam convenire, Cs.: vocari ad cenam, H.: ad se adferre: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat (cf. accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; and, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province).— Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in T. freq.): eamus ad me, T. — With gen., ellipt.: ad Dianae, to the temple of, T.: ad Castoris currere. — Used for dat: litteras dare ad aliquem, to write one a letter (cf. litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one): domum ad te scribere: ad primam (epistulam) scribere, to answer.—Hence, librum ad aliquem mittere, scribere, to dedicate a book to one. —In titles, ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.— With names of towns, ad answers to Whither? for the simple acc., i. e. to the vicinity of, to the neighborhood of: ad Aquinum accedere, approach: ut cum suis copiis iret ad Mutinam. — Of hostile movement or protection, against (cf. adversus): veniri ad se existimantes, Cs.: ipse ad hostem vehitur, N.: Romulus ad regem impetum facit (cf. in), L.: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, V.: ad hos casūs provisa praesidia, Cs.—In war, of manner of fighting: ad pedes pugna venerat, was fought out on foot, L.: equitem ad pedes deducere, L.: pugna ad gladios venerat, L. — Emphatic of distance, to, even to, all the way to: a Salonis ad Oricum portūs... occupavit, Cs.: usque a Dianis ad Sinopum navigare. — Fig.: deverberasse usque ad necem, T.: virgis ad necem caedi.—Of nearness or proximity in gen. (cf. apud), near to, by, at, close by: ad forīs adsistere: Ianum ad infimum Argiletum fecit, L.: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, L.: errantem ad flumina, V.; and ellipt.: pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! — Of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat, Cs.: ad me fuit, at my house: ad inferos poenas parricidi luent, among.—So, fig.: ad omnīs nationes sanctum, in the judgment of, Cs.: ut esset ad posteros monumentum, etc., L.: ad urbem esse (of a general outside of the walls): ad urbem cum imperio remanere, Cs.—With names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Cs.; and with an ordinal number and lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, N.—    II. In time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening.—Till, until, to, even to, up to: usque ad hanc aetatem: ad multam noctem: amant ad quoddam tempus, until: quem ad finem? how long: ad quartam (sc. horam), H. — Hence, ad id (sc. tempus), till then: ad id dubios servare animos, L.— At, on, in, by: ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour: frumentum ad diem dare. —    III. In number or amount, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. circiter): talenta ad quindecim coëgi, T.: annos ad quadraginta natus.—Adverb.: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Cs.: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, L.—Of a limit, to, unto, even to (rare): (viaticum) ad assem perdere, to the last farthing, H.: ad denarium solvere. —Esp., ad unum, to a single one, without exception: omnes ad unum idem sentiunt: exosus ad unum Troianos, V. —    IV. In other relations, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in: ad honorem antecellere: nihil ad rem pertinet.—Ellipt.: rectene an secus, nihil ad nos: Quid ad praetorem? quid ad rem? i. e. what difference does it make? H.: quibus (auxiliaribus) ad pugnam confidebat, Cs.: ad speciem ornatus, ad sensum acerbus: mentis ad omnia caecitas: ad cetera paene gemelli, H.: facultas ad dicendum.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., according to, agreeably to, after: taleis ad certum pondus examinatis, Cs.: ad cursūs lunae describit annum, L.: canere ad tibiam: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (see unguis), H.: ad istorum normam sapientes: ad specus angustiae vallium (i. e. ad specuum similitudinem angustae valles), Cs. — With the cause or reason, according to, at, on, in consequence of, for, in order to: ad horum proces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, L.: dictis ad fallendum instructis, L.: causae ad discordiam, to produce dissension, T.: ad facinora incendere, S.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Cs.: ad id, for this use, as a means to that end, L.: ad id ipsum, for that my purpose, L.: delecto milite ad navīs, marines, L.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, H.: biiugi ad frena leones, yoked in pairs with bits, V.: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: ad communem salutem utilius.—In comparison, to, compared with, in comparison with: terra ad universi caeli complexum: nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar.—    V. In adverbial phrases, ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., L.—Ad hoc and ad haec, moreover, besides, in addition: ad hoc, quos... postremo omnes, quos, etc., S. — Ad id quod, beside that (rare): ad id quod... indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, L. — Ad tempus, at a definite, fixed time, C., L.; at a fit, appropriate time, L.; for some time, for a short time, L.; according to circumstances. — Ad praesens, for the moment, for a short time.—Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, L.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally. — Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in general; in a word, in short, C., H.—Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum, at the end, finally, at last; of place, at the extremity, at the top, at the end: ad extremum (teli) unde ferrum exstabat, L.; of time, at last, finally: ad extremum incipit philosophari; of order, finally, lastly; to the last degree, quite, L. — Quem ad finem? to what limit? how far? how long? Note.—a. Ad rarely follows its acc: quam ad, T.: quos ad, C.: ripam ad Araxis, Ta.—b. In composition, ad- stands before vowels, b, d, f, h, i consonant, m, n, q, v, and mostly before l, r, s; acbefore c; but very often ad- before cl-, cr-, and cu-; ag- or ad- before g; ap- or ad- before p; atbefore t; but a- or ad- before gn, sp, sc, st.
    * * *
    I II
    to, up to, towards; near, at; until, on, by; almost; according to; about w/NUM

    Latin-English dictionary > ad

  • 9 apex

    ăpex, ĭcis, m. [etym. acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 10, 270, and Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll., from apo, to join to, whence aptus; cf. Van. Etym. p. 33], the extreme end of a thing, the point, summit, top (syn.: cacumen, summa, fastigium, culmen, vertex); hence,
    I.
    Lit., the small rod at the top of the flamen's cap, wound round with wool, Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 683; 10, 270.—Hence,
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    (As pars pro toto.) The conical cap of the flamen, ornamented with this rod:

    QVEI. APICEM. INSIGNE. DIALIS. FLAMINIS. GESISTEI, Epitaph. Scip. Grotef. 2, 299: apicem dialem,

    Liv. 6, 41:

    apex e capite prolapsus,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, n. 4.—Hence, of the priesthood itself: homo honestus non apice insignis, Sen. ap. Lact. 17, 6.—
    B.
    Any hat or helmet, a crown:

    ab aquilā Tarquinio apicem impositum putent,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 1:

    regum apices,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 20:

    ardet apex capiti,

    Verg. A. 10, 270; 2, 683.—Of birds, the crest, Plin. 11, 37, 44, § 121.—
    C.
    A projecting point or summit.
    1.
    Lit., of trees:

    lauri,

    Verg. A. 7, 66.—Of a headland:

    sublimis,

    Juv. 12, 72:

    montis apex,

    Sil. 12, 709; so Vulg. Judith, 7, 3.—Of the point of a sickle, Col. 4, 25, 1.—Of the summit of a flame, Ov. M. 10, 279 et saep.—
    2.
    Trop., the highest ornament or honor, the crown of a thing:

    apex est senectutis auctoritas,

    Cic. Sen. 17, 60:

    hinc apicem Fortuna sustulit, hic posuisse gaudet,

    Hor. C. 1, 34, 14.—
    D.
    1.. In gram., the long mark over a vowel, Quint. 1, 7, 2; 1, 4, 10; 1, 5, 23;

    Victor. p. 2469 P.—Hence, trop.: nullum apicem quaestionis praetermittere,

    Arn. 3 init. —
    2.
    The forms or outlines of the letters:

    litterarum apices,

    Gell. 13, 30, 10; 17, 9, 12.—Hence (per synecdochen),
    E.
    A letter or any other writing:

    apicum oblator,

    Sid. Ep. 6, 8:

    Augusti apices,

    i. e. rescripts, Cod. Just. 2, 8, 6 fin. —
    F.
    Of the point or apex of a Hebrew letter, put fig. for the least particle, tittle (eccl. Lat.; Gr. hê keraia):

    iota unum aut unus apex non praeteribit a lege,

    Vulg. Matt. 5, 18; ib. Luc. 16, 17.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > apex

  • 10 corono

    cŏrōno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [corona], to furnish with a garland or crown, to crown, wreathe (class., esp. freq. in the poets).
    I.
    Lit., aliquid or aliquem:

    templa,

    Ov. M. 8, 264; cf.:

    postes lauro,

    Quint. 8, 6, 32:

    aras,

    Prop. 3 (4), 10, 19:

    deos fragili myrto,

    Hor. C. 3, 23, 15:

    puppim,

    Ov. F. 4, 335:

    cratera,

    Verg. G. 2, 528 (cf.:

    magnum cratera coronā Induit,

    id. A. 3, 525); so,

    crateras magnos statuunt et vina coronant,

    id. A. 1, 724; 7, 147 Forbig. ad loc. (cf. Nitsch. ad Hom. Od. 1, 419; Buttman, Lexil. 2, p. 100; others, less correctly, render, fill to the brim, comparing kratêras epestepsanto potoio, Hom. Il. 1, 470):

    epulae quas inibant propinqui coronati,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 25, 63.— Mid.:

    hederā coronantur Bacchico ritu,

    Macr. S. 1, 18, 2. —In the Gr. constr.:

    coronatus malobathro Syrio capillos,

    Hor. C. 2, 7, 7:

    eodem anno (459 A. U. C.) coronati primum ob res bello bene gestas ludos Romanos spectaverunt,

    Liv. 10, 47, 3; cf.

    of the crowning of victors (soldiers, poets, pugilists, etc.),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 64; Quint. 10, 1, 66; 11, 2, 11; Plin. 15, 4, 5, § 19 al.;

    so also comoediam de sententiā judicum,

    to award the prize to it, Suet. Claud. 11.—Unusual constr.:

    tunc de oratoribus coronatus,

    i. e. crowned as victor in the contest with the orators, Suet. Dom. 13 (cf.:

    triumphare de aliquo, s. v. triumpho, I. A.).—And in the Gr. manner: quis... Magna coronari contemnat Olympia?

    to be crowned in the Olympic games, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 50.—To the crowning of captives for sale (cf. corona, I. B.) reference is made in the passage: ut coronatus veniat, Cato ap. Gell. 6 (7), 4, 5.—
    B.
    Trop., to receive as the prize of victory:

    nomine novo coronari,

    Plin. 22, 5, 5, § 10.—
    II.
    Meton., to surround, encompass, enclose something in a circular form, to wreathe:

    cervices collumque,

    Lucr. 2, 802:

    Silva coronat aquas cingens latus omne,

    Ov. M. 5, 388; so id. ib. 9, 335:

    castra suggesta humo (previously praecingit),

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 8; cf.:

    omnem abitum custode,

    Verg. A. 9, 380; and:

    nemus densā statione,

    Stat. Th. 2, 526:

    solem itineribus (stellarum),

    Vitr. 9, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > corono

  • 11 flos

    flōs, ōris, m. [root fla-; Gr. ek-phlainô, to stream forth; cf. phlasmos; Lat. flare, flamen, etc., v. flo], a blossom, flower.
    I.
    Lit.:

    suaves flores,

    Lucr. 1, 8:

    juvat novos decerpere flores,

    id. 1, 928:

    novi,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 32:

    recentes,

    id. ib. 3, 27, 44:

    verni,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 9:

    florum omnium varietas,

    Cic. de Sen. 15, 54:

    suavitas odorum, qui afflarentur e floribus,

    id. ib. 17, 59:

    laetissimi flores,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

    ninguntque rosarum Floribus,

    Lucr. 2, 628:

    flores rosae, rosarum,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 14; 3, 29, 3; 4, 10, 4:

    piabunt floribus et vino Genium,

    id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; cf.:

    fons Bandusiae, dulci digne mero non sine floribus,

    id. C. 3, 13, 2:

    nitidum caput impedire myrto Aut flore,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 10:

    recte necne crocum floresque perambulet Attae Fabula, si dubitem, etc.,

    the stage strewed with flowers, id. Ep. 2, 1, 79:

    carduus florem purpureum mittit inter medios aculeos,

    puts forth, Plin. 20, 23, 99, § 262; cf. id. 21, 6, 17, § 31:

    legere,

    Ov. M. 4, 315.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    The honey of flowers sucked out by the bees:

    rure levis verno flores apis ingerit alveo, Conpleat ut dulci sedula melle favos,

    Tib. 2, 1, 49; Verg. G. 4, 39; Plin. 11, 7, 7, § 17.—
    2.
    In gen., like the Gr. anthos, for whatever forms either the best part or the highest part of a thing (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).—
    a.
    The flower of any thing, i. e. the prime or best part, also the best kind of any thing: postquam est honoratus frugum et floris Liberi, the bouquet or flavor of wine, Pac. ap. Non. 498, 12; so,

    vini (Bacchi),

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 1; id. Cas. 3, 5, 16; Lucr. 3, 221.— The best kind of oil, Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 23; of wax, id. 21, 14, 49, § 84; of rosin, id. 14, 20, 25, § 124; of salt, id. 13, 1, 2, § 14; Cato, R. R. 88, 2; of meal, Plin. 18, 9, 20, § 86 et saep.; of cream, Vitr. 8, 3; of the finest dish: cenae, Favorin. ap. Gell. 15, 8, 2.—
    b.
    The highest part, the top, crown, head of a thing.—Of the froth of wine, Cato, R. R. 11, 2; Col. 12, 30; Plin. 14, 21, 27, § 136.—The blisters, scales that are formed in smelting metals, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107; the upper dust of marble or gypsum, Col. 12, 20, 8.— Poet. of the first downy hairs of the beard: nunc primum opacat flore lanugo genas, Pac. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. genas, p. 94 Müll. N. cr.; Verg. A. 8, 160; Luc. 6, 562:

    ante genas dulces quam flos juvenilis inumbret,

    Claud. in Prob. Cons. Pan. 69.—Donec flammai fulserunt flore coorto, a tip or flash of flame, Lucr. 1, 900.—
    3. II.
    Trop., the flower, crown, ornament of any thing (class.; a favorite flg. of Cic.).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ea tempestate flos poëtarum fuit (Plautus),

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 18:

    sic omnis fetus repressus, exustusque siti flos veteris ubertatis exaruit,

    Cic. Brut. 4, 16:

    (Ennius) flos delibatus populi... qua (eloquentia) virum excellentem praeclare tum illi homines florem populi esse dixerunt,

    id. ib. 15, 58 sq. (cf. Enn. Ann. v. 309 ed. Vahl.):

    flos nobilitatis ac juventutis,

    id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; so, legatorum, id. Fl. 26, 61:

    versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

    id. Or. 10, 34; cf.:

    quod floris, quod roboris in juventute fuerat, amiserant,

    Liv. 37, 12, 7:

    ex morbo velut renovatus flos juventae,

    id. 28, 35, 7; 26, 2, 6; Curt. 3, 5, 8:

    provincia Galliae... ille flos Italiae, illud firmamentum imperii populi Romani, illud ornamentum dignitatis,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

    flos dignitatis,

    id. Balb. 6, 15; cf.:

    ego te, Crasse, cum vitae flore, tum mortis opportunitate, divino consilio et ortum et exstinctum esse arbitror,

    splendor, glory, id. de Or. 3, 3, 12:

    in ipso Graeciae flore,

    in the very flower, the most flourishing condition, id. N. D. 3, 33, 82:

    flos aetatis,

    the flower of one's age, the prime of life, Lucr. 3, 770; 5, 847; cf.:

    non venirem contra gratiam, non virtutis spe, sed aetatis flore collectam,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.— Without aetas: Pa. Anni? Ch. Anni? Sedecim. Pa. Flos ipse, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

    viridissimo flore puella,

    Cat. 17, 14:

    in flore primo tantae indolis juvenis exstinctus est,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 9, 5:

    in flore virium se credens esse,

    Liv. 42, 15, 2:

    primus flos animi,

    youthful vigor, Stat. Ach. 1, 625;

    but also: flos animi,

    ripe age, Sen. Ep. 26:

    videmus Vergilium ea de causa hortorum dotes fugisse, et e tantis, quae retulit, flores modo rerum decerpsisse,

    i. e. the choicest, best, Plin. H. N. 14 praef. § 7.—
    2.
    Transf.: flos aetatis, maidenly or youthful innocence (of girls or boys), virginity:

    (virgo) cum castum amisit polluto corpore florem,

    Cat. 62, 46:

    Hasdrubal flore aetatis, uti ferunt, primo Hamilcari conciliatus,

    Liv. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 21, 3, 4:

    florem aetatis (Caesaris) in Bithynia contaminatum,

    Suet. Caes. 49.—
    B.
    In partic., of speech, a flower, embellishment, ornament:

    ut porro conspersa sit (oratio) quasi verborum sententiarumque floribus, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 96:

    flos aut lumen eloquentiae,

    id. Brut. 17, 66; cf.:

    nullus flos tamen neque lumen ullum (in M. Crassi oratione),

    id. ib. 66, 233:

    florem et colorem defuisse,

    id. ib. 87, 298:

    alia copia locuples, alia floribus laeta,

    Quint. 8, 3, 87:

    male audire... nimiis floribus et ingenii affluentia,

    id. 12, 10, 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > flos

  • 12 harundo

    hărundo (better than ărundo, Bramb. s. v.; Wagn. Orthog. Verg. p. 441; Rib. Prol. Verg. p. 422, though the latter is freq. in MSS. and edd.; v. infra), ĭnis, f. [etym. dub.; perh. from root ar-, to set in motion; Sanscr. aras, swift; aranjas, a wood, as that which grows; cf.: ulmus, ulva, alnus, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 530 sq.].
    I.
    Prop., the reed, cane (taller than canna; cf.

    also: culmus, calamus, stipula),

    Cato, R. R. 6, 3; Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 156 sqq.:

    intus medullam sabuci (habent)... inanitatem harundines,

    id. 13, 22, 42, § 122:

    longa parvae sub arundine cannae,

    Ov. M. 8, 337:

    fluvialis,

    Verg. G. 2, 414;

    used for covering or thatching huts and houses,

    Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 156; Vitr. 2, 1, 3;

    esp. in encampments: casae ex harundinibus textae,

    Liv. 35, 27, 3 Weissenb.:

    teneris harundinum radicibus contusis equos alere,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 58, 3.—Prov.:

    arundo vento agitata,

    Vulg. Matt. 11, 7; Luc. 7, 24:

    arundinem quassatam non confringet,

    ib. Matt. 12, 20. —
    II.
    Meton. of any thing made of reed or cane.
    A.
    A fishing-rod:

    hisce hami atque haec harundines sunt nobis quaestu,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 5:

    haec laqueo volucres, hacc captat arundine pisces,

    Tib. 2, 6, 23 Müll.:

    hos aliquis tremula, dum captat arundine pisces, vidit,

    Ov. M. 8, 217 Merk.; 13, 293; 14, 651.—
    B.
    Limed twigs for catching birds:

    parati aucupes cum harundinibus fuerunt,

    Petr. 40, 6:

    volucres, quas textis harundinibus peritus artifex tetigit,

    id. 109, 7:

    cantu fallitur ales, callida dum tacita crescit harundo manu,

    Mart. 14, 218, 2 Schneidewin:

    aut (si) crescente levis traheretur arundine praeda,

    id. 9, 54, 3 id.:

    ut qui viscatos populatur arundine lucos,

    Sil. 7, 674:

    harundine sumptā Faunus plumoso sum deus aucupio,

    Prop. 4 (5), 2, 33.—
    C.
    A wreath or crown made of reeds;

    as the head of Priapus: ast inportunas volucres in vertice harundo terret fixa,

    Hor. S. 1, 8, 6 B. and K.;

    v. Orell. ad loc.—Esp. worn by river deities: (Tiberini) crines umbrosa tegebat harundo,

    Verg. A. 8, 34 Rib.;

    of the river Calydonius: inornatos redimitus arundine crines,

    Ov. M. 9, 3:

    subita cur pulcher arundine crines velat Hylas,

    Val. Fl. 1, 218:

    (Glaucus) caputque redimitus arundine,

    Vell. Pat. 2, 83;

    and of the Tiber: et arundinis altae concolor in viridi fluitabat silva capillo,

    Sid. Paneg. Anthem. 333:

    velatus harundine glauca Mincius,

    Verg. A. 10, 205 Rib.—
    D.
    The shaft of an arrow:

    quod fugat obtusum est, et habet sub arundine plumbum,

    Ov. M. 1, 471:

    pennaque citatior ibat quae redit in pugnas fugientis arundine Parthi,

    Sil. 10, 12; Cels. 7, 5, 2.—Hence (pars pro toto), an arrow:

    inque cor hamata percussit arundine Ditem,

    Ov. M. 5, 384; 8, 382; 10, 526;

    11, 325: haeret lateri letalis harundo,

    Verg. A. 4, 73 Rib. (Forbig. and Conington, arundo); id. ib. 7, 499.—
    E.
    A pen:

    neve notet lusus tristis harundo tuos,

    Mart. 1, 3, 10:

    inque manus chartae, nodosaque venit harundo,

    Pers. 3, 11. The best came from Cnidus:

    Cnidia,

    Aus. Ep. 7, 49; and:

    Acidalia,

    Mart. 9, 14, 3.—
    F.
    A reed pipe, shepherd's pipe, Pan-pipes, = surinx (an instrument made of several reeds, fastened together with wax, each successive reed somewhat shorter than the preceding):

    junctisque canendo vincere arundinibus servantia lumina temptat,

    Ov. M. 1, 684; cf. id. ib. 1, 707 sq.;

    11, 154: agrestem tenui meditabor harundine Musam,

    Verg. E. 6, 8; cf.:

    compacta solitum modulatur harundine carmen,

    id. Cul. 100:

    nec crepuit fissa me propter harundine custos,

    Prop. 4 (5), 7, 25.—
    G.
    A flute (made of the kalamos aulêtikos, Theophr. 4, 12):

    Satyri reminiscitur alter, quem Tritoniaca Latoüs arundine victum affecit poena,

    Ov. M. 6, 384.—
    H. K.
    A reed for brushing down cobwebs:

    ecferte huc scopas semulque harundinem,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 23.—
    L.
    A kind of transverse bar along which vines were trained:

    jugorum genera fere quatuor,... harundo, ut in Arpino,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 2.—
    M.
    A rod (for beating, punishing):

    ac me iterum in cellam perduxit, et harundinem ab ostio rapuit iterumque mulcavit,

    Petr. 134.—
    N.
    Splints for holding together injured parts of the body, Suet. Aug. 80.—
    O.
    A measuring-rod, Prud. Psych. 826.—
    P.
    A hobbyhorse, cane-horse, as a child's plaything:

    equitare in harundine longa,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 248; cf.:

    non erubuit (Socrates) cum, interposita arundine cruribus suis, cum parvulis filiolis ludens, ab Alcibiade risus est,

    Val. Max. 8, 8 ext. 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > harundo

  • 13 mūrālis

        mūrālis e, adj.    [murus], of a wall, wall-, mural: pila, used in fighting from walls, Cs.: tormentum, for battering walls, V.: falces, for pulling down walls, Cs.: corona, a mural crown (won by first scaling the wall), L.
    * * *
    muralis, murale ADJ
    of walls; of a (city) wall; turreted; mural

    Latin-English dictionary > mūrālis

  • 14 obsidiālis

        obsidiālis e, adj.    [obsidium], of a siege: graminea corona, for raising a siege, L.
    * * *
    obsidialis, obsidiale ADJ
    of/connected with siege/blockade

    Latin-English dictionary > obsidiālis

  • 15 laurus

    laurus, i ( gen. laurūs, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 132; 14, 16, 19, § 112; Col. 6, 7, 3 codd.; abl. lauru, Hor. C. 2, 7, 19;

    but lauro,

    id. ib. 3, 30, 16; nom. plur. laurus, Verg. A. 3, 91; acc. plur. laurus, id. E. 6, 83 al.; Tib. 2, 5, 63; gen. plur. lauruum, acc. to Charis. p. 110 P.), f. [cf. Germ. lor- in Lorbeere], a bay-tree, laurel-tree, laurel, sacred to Apollo; cf.:

    aliquid cedo Qui vicini hanc nostram augeam aram Apollinis. Da sane hanc virgam lauri,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 11;

    it grew in greatest beauty on Parnassus, and hence is called Parnasia laurus,

    Verg. G. 2, 18;

    its branches were the decoration of poets,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 9;

    of the flamens,

    Liv. 23, 11; Ov. F. 3, 137. In festivals, the ancestral images were decorated with laurel, Cic. Mur. 41. The leaves, when eaten, were said to impart the power of prophesying, Tib. 2, 5, 63; Juv. 7, 19. Victorious generals, in triumphal processions, wore laurel crowns on their heads and carried laurel branches in their hands, while their lictors bore fasces bound with laurel, Cic. Att. 7, 10; Ov. M. 1, 560. Before the gate of the imperial palace stood two laurel-trees, with oaken crowns, in honor of the emperor, as the vanquisher of foes and the people's preserver:

    janitrix Caesarum et pontificum,

    Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127 sqq.; Tert. Apol. 35. A wet branch of laurel was used in lustrations, to sprinkle the objects to be purified:

    cuperent lustrari... si foret umida laurus,

    Juv. 2, 158; cf. Dict. Antiq. s. v. lustratio.—
    II.
    Meton. for laurea, a laurel crown, as the sign of a triumph; hence for triumph, victory:

    incurrit haec nostra laurus non solum in oculos, sed, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:

    Parthica,

    Plin. Pan. 14:

    Indica,

    Stat. S. 4, 1, 4:

    Sarmatica,

    Mart. 7, 6, 10:

    ornari lauro secunda,

    Juv. 8, 253.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > laurus

  • 16 navalia

    nāvālis, e, adj. [navis], of or belonging to ships, ship-, naval:

    pedestres navalesve pugnae,

    Cic. Sen. 5, 13; Liv. 26, 51, 6:

    bellum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    apparatus,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 3:

    disciplina et gloria navalis,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54:

    fuga,

    by sea, Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 148:

    proelium,

    Gell. 10, 6, 2:

    castra,

    to protect the ships drawn up on land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22:

    in classe acieque navali esse,

    Liv. 26, 51, 8 Weissenb.:

    forma,

    the shape of a ship, Ov. F. 1, 229: corona, a naval crown, as the reward of a naval victory, Verg. A. 8, 684; cf.: navali coronā solet donari, qui primus in hostium navem armatus transilierit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 163 Müll.; so,

    navali cinctus honore caput,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 392:

    navali surgentes aere columnae,

    made of the brass from the beaks of captured ships, Verg. G. 3, 29:

    arbor,

    fit for ship-building, Plin. 13, 9, 17, § 61:

    stagnum,

    a basin in which to exhibit mock sea-fights, Tac. A. 4, 15:

    navalis Phoebus, so called because hegranted the victory at Actium,

    Prop. 4 (5), 1, 3; v. Actius and Actiacus: socii, sailors, seamen (chosen from the freedmen of the colonists and allies, and also from those of the colonists and allies themselves who had been in slavery; they were bound to a longer period of service and were of lower rank than the land troops; cf. Liv. 36, 2; 40, 18; 21, 50):

    postero die militibus navalibusque sociis convocatis,

    id. 26, 48; 26, 17; 32, 23; 26, 35;

    24, 11.—Sometimes the socii navales are distinguished from the seamen,

    Liv. 37, 10:

    navales pedes, contemptuously,

    galley-slaves, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 75. (Others understand by this expression ship-servants, cabin-boys. Non. 381, 393, calls the oars themselves navales pedes).—

    Duumviri navales,

    two commissaries who were charged with the repairing and fitting out of a fleet, Liv. 9, 30; 40, 18; 26: navalis scriba, a ship's scribe or secretary, Paul. ex Fest. p. 169 Müll.—
    II.
    Subst.: nāvā-le, is, n. (in sing. only poet.), and nāvā-lĭa, ium, n. ( gen. plur. navaliorum, Vitr. 5, 127; Inscr. Orell. 3627).
    A.
    A place where ships were built and repaired, a dock, dockyard (cf.:

    statio, portus): navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

    de navalium opere,

    id. de Or. 1, 14, 62:

    deripientque rates alii navalibus,

    Verg. A. 4, 593; Ov. M. 11, 455.—In sing., haud aliter quam si siccum navale teneret (puppis), Ov. M. 3, 661; id. H. 18, 207.—Esp. of the place in Rome, across the Tiber, where the dock-yards were situated, Liv. 3, 26; 8, 14, 12; 40, 51 et saep.—Near them was the Navalis porta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 178 Müll.—
    B.
    The requisites for fitting out a ship, [p. 1192] tackling, rigging, Liv. 45, 23, 5; Verg. A. 11, 329; Plin. 16, 11, 21, § 52.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > navalia

  • 17 navalis

    nāvālis, e, adj. [navis], of or belonging to ships, ship-, naval:

    pedestres navalesve pugnae,

    Cic. Sen. 5, 13; Liv. 26, 51, 6:

    bellum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    apparatus,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 3:

    disciplina et gloria navalis,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54:

    fuga,

    by sea, Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 148:

    proelium,

    Gell. 10, 6, 2:

    castra,

    to protect the ships drawn up on land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22:

    in classe acieque navali esse,

    Liv. 26, 51, 8 Weissenb.:

    forma,

    the shape of a ship, Ov. F. 1, 229: corona, a naval crown, as the reward of a naval victory, Verg. A. 8, 684; cf.: navali coronā solet donari, qui primus in hostium navem armatus transilierit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 163 Müll.; so,

    navali cinctus honore caput,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 392:

    navali surgentes aere columnae,

    made of the brass from the beaks of captured ships, Verg. G. 3, 29:

    arbor,

    fit for ship-building, Plin. 13, 9, 17, § 61:

    stagnum,

    a basin in which to exhibit mock sea-fights, Tac. A. 4, 15:

    navalis Phoebus, so called because hegranted the victory at Actium,

    Prop. 4 (5), 1, 3; v. Actius and Actiacus: socii, sailors, seamen (chosen from the freedmen of the colonists and allies, and also from those of the colonists and allies themselves who had been in slavery; they were bound to a longer period of service and were of lower rank than the land troops; cf. Liv. 36, 2; 40, 18; 21, 50):

    postero die militibus navalibusque sociis convocatis,

    id. 26, 48; 26, 17; 32, 23; 26, 35;

    24, 11.—Sometimes the socii navales are distinguished from the seamen,

    Liv. 37, 10:

    navales pedes, contemptuously,

    galley-slaves, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 75. (Others understand by this expression ship-servants, cabin-boys. Non. 381, 393, calls the oars themselves navales pedes).—

    Duumviri navales,

    two commissaries who were charged with the repairing and fitting out of a fleet, Liv. 9, 30; 40, 18; 26: navalis scriba, a ship's scribe or secretary, Paul. ex Fest. p. 169 Müll.—
    II.
    Subst.: nāvā-le, is, n. (in sing. only poet.), and nāvā-lĭa, ium, n. ( gen. plur. navaliorum, Vitr. 5, 127; Inscr. Orell. 3627).
    A.
    A place where ships were built and repaired, a dock, dockyard (cf.:

    statio, portus): navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

    de navalium opere,

    id. de Or. 1, 14, 62:

    deripientque rates alii navalibus,

    Verg. A. 4, 593; Ov. M. 11, 455.—In sing., haud aliter quam si siccum navale teneret (puppis), Ov. M. 3, 661; id. H. 18, 207.—Esp. of the place in Rome, across the Tiber, where the dock-yards were situated, Liv. 3, 26; 8, 14, 12; 40, 51 et saep.—Near them was the Navalis porta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 178 Müll.—
    B.
    The requisites for fitting out a ship, [p. 1192] tackling, rigging, Liv. 45, 23, 5; Verg. A. 11, 329; Plin. 16, 11, 21, § 52.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > navalis

  • 18 Naxius

    Naxos, i, f., = Naxos, the isle of Naxos (now Naxia, or Axia), in the Ægean Sea, the largest of the Cyclades, famed for its wines, and for the abandonment there of Ariadne by Theseus, Plin. 4, 12, 22, § 67; Verg. A. 3, 125; Ov. M. 3, 640; Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 27.— Hence, Naxĭus, a, um, adj., Naxian:

    turba,

    Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 28:

    juncus,

    Plin. 21, 18, 69, § 115:

    ardor,

    Ariadne's crown, a constellation, Col. 10, 52: cos, = Naxia akonê, a whetstone from Naxos, Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164. — Subst.: naxĭum, ii, n., a Naxian whetstone, Plin. 36, 7, 10, § 54; 37, 8, 32, § 109.—
    II.
    An ancient city of Sicily, destroyed by Dionysius. On or near its site Tauromenium was built, Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 88.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Naxius

  • 19 Naxos

    Naxos, i, f., = Naxos, the isle of Naxos (now Naxia, or Axia), in the Ægean Sea, the largest of the Cyclades, famed for its wines, and for the abandonment there of Ariadne by Theseus, Plin. 4, 12, 22, § 67; Verg. A. 3, 125; Ov. M. 3, 640; Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 27.— Hence, Naxĭus, a, um, adj., Naxian:

    turba,

    Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 28:

    juncus,

    Plin. 21, 18, 69, § 115:

    ardor,

    Ariadne's crown, a constellation, Col. 10, 52: cos, = Naxia akonê, a whetstone from Naxos, Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164. — Subst.: naxĭum, ii, n., a Naxian whetstone, Plin. 36, 7, 10, § 54; 37, 8, 32, § 109.—
    II.
    An ancient city of Sicily, destroyed by Dionysius. On or near its site Tauromenium was built, Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 88.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Naxos

  • 20 cīnctus

        cīnctus    P. of cingo.
    * * *
    I
    cincta, cinctum ADJ
    surrounded/encircled; surrounded (by friends/people/enemy); bordered, enclosed; having one's dress girt in special way; fastened round

    w/alte -- for action

    II
    girdle, method of girding clothes; crown/garland; belt

    Latin-English dictionary > cīnctus

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